What happens to The Fab Four without Steve Jobs?



A few months after Steve died, Wall Street Journal and Fortune writer Brent Schlender was cleaning out the all the crap from his storage shed. As is typical of such an exercise, Brent found some lost treasure that had suddenly gained some currency of late: hours and hours of unedited tapes from his interviews with Steve. During some of these tapes, one can hear Steve's kids running around the kitchen as the two men talked. Occasionally Steve would hit the pause button before saying something that may come back and bite him on the ass. Most of the content of the "Lost Steve Jobs Tapes" was re-worded stuff he has previously told others, or it was sound but boring business advice that left me a little sleepy. However, there was one juicy morsel that I enjoyed most of all. It was the uncut version of Steve’s model for good management inspired by the Beatles


My model of management is the Beatles. The reason I say that is because each of the key people In the Beatles kept the others from going off in the directions of their bad tendencies. They sort of kept each other in check. And then when they split up, they never did anything as good. It was the chemistry of a small group of people, and that chemistry was greater than the sum of the parts. And so John kept Paul from being a teenybopper and Paul kept John from drifting out into the cosmos, and it was magic. And George, in the end, I think provided a tremendous amount of soul to the group. I don't know what Ringo did. [1]

Within five months of Steve’s death, the "Paul McCartney" of Apple, Tim Cook, trotted on stage and looked as if he may intro the new 4G iPad. Everyone drew a breath knowing that poor Tim ain't gonna woo the crowd the way that Steve did. Luckily, Tim copped out and handballed the task like a hot potato to his marketing dude, Phil Schiller - Apple's "Ringo Starr". Phil’s excited nerd-ologue worked better than Valium to put this author to sleep. So I may have missed the part where he admits that the fancy high-speed 4G functionality only works with Northern American 4G networks. Aussie customers were offered a well-deserved refund after finding out that the major selling-point is a major let-down. Imagine how they felt after days of lining up for this pricey gadget - the second time within a year - only to discover that it’s only marginally better than the last gadget? Perhaps I give too much credit to fanboys to think objectively when they are too busy Thinking Differently. 


Apple seems to be chugging along well in the competent hands of Tim - its best bean-counter; but what of Apple's creative soul? What about Apple's "George Harrison"? Jonathan Ive’s name is still on Apple’s site, so he doesn’t seem to be jumping ship. Jony spoke about working with Steve at his funeral. He smiled as he said that during brainstorming sessions Steve would often come up with a lot of “dopey ideas,” along with good ones too.[2]


When John Lennon died, Yoko went into publicity overdrive. However, Mrs Laurene Jobs has much more class than the pseudo-artist. Laurene has retreated even further from the public spotlight since she lost her husband. She appeared in the news media only once at Obama's State of the Union address. Laurene sat with Warren Buffett's secretary, Debbie Bosanekas. The President pointed out that Debbie pays a higher income tax percentage than her obscenely wealthy boss. He then boldly asked that the rich pay more tax. [3]


Laurene is now the 100th richest person in the world with a net worth of $9 billion. She beat her late husband, Steve, who was only (only?) ranked 110 at 8.3 Billion. [4]


After Steve spent his career building a rep as a miserly Scrooge, it warms the heart to know that his fortune is now solely in the hands of probably the world’s most quietly hard-working philanthropist.


[1] Schlender, B. (2012, April 17) The Lost Steve Jobs Tapes. From From FastCompany.com. Retrieved from: http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/165/steve-jobs-legacy-tapes
 
[2] Wingfield, N. (2011,October 17) Emotion, Music and Humor at Steve Jobs Memorial. New York Times.

[3] Earle, G. & Shields, G. (2012, January 25) O uses Buffett’s Gal Friday as a speech prop. The New York Post.

[4] Mac, R. (2012, March 7) Meet Silicon Valley's Richest Woman: Laurene Powell Jobs. Forbes Magazine

Who was Steve Jobs?



It must have been difficult for many journos to come up with something new to say when Steve died. After all, they shot their wad by writing all those pseudo-obits when he resigned. The answer for many was to simply ramp up the idolatry.

The dead are so often canonized in their passing. Mere mortals become gods once they enter the grave. Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, Forbes, CNBC, The Smithsonian Blog and Robert X. Cringely called him a modern day Henry Ford, Even actor Alec Baldwin twittered, “Sad about Steve Jobs. On par with Henry Ford…”. [1] Was Old Man Steve really on par with Old Man Ford?

Steve often spoke of Henry as one of his personal heroes. Both men were cranky tyrants who decided what people should buy without bothering with egghead market research. Both men gave their customers as little choice as possible because they felt they knew what’s best for them. They both had colour fetishes. Steve liked white and Henry liked black – but for very different reasons.

Henry preferred “Japan Black” because it dried quicker and therefore he could push more T-Models out of his factories. Whereas, Steve liked white.. well.. because he had a thing for white. Steve delayed the release of the white iPhone 4 because the shade wasn’t quite perfect.[2] Henry’s black was six shades of ugly because it was choc-full of bitumen, which made it damn tough – good for the customer who just wanted a car that didn’t rust.[3]
Unfortunately for poor Henry, car buyers became spoilt by the gargantuan auto market that he had built. Drivers began demanding more colour choices. General Motors kicked Henry’s butt by offering every colour of the rainbow. On the other hand, Apple customers enjoy a masochistic comfort in Steve’s lack of choice. They are like the Japanese bondage queen, hog-tied to the ceiling by intricate rope-work, waiting for Daddy to tell her what to do. Lack of choice worked for Steve, but not for Henry.

Nevertheless, Henry’s butt-ugly-black car was the first automobile that was affordable enough for the men who built them to purchase for one for themselves. Henry democratised the automobile by passing the savings he made to the American Everyman. He then raised wages and built a happy factory culture enjoyed by generation after generation of American workers.

Steve was the antithesis of the above hero. Rather than lower his price tag, Steve raised his price tag higher than the competition. He then shut down his American factories and contracted the Chinese to build the same pricey products for a bowl of rice and mattress on the floor. His savings were not passed onto his customers.  He was no Henry Ford.


Steve was more like Willy Wonka from Roald Dahl’s children’s book, Charlie and The Chocolate factory. Both Steve and Wonka are suitable for children aged 8-80.
Charlie and The Chocolate Factory reads like Steve’s own handbook of management style. Wonka’s sub-human workers were chosen because they are so kowtowed that they won’t sell-out his secrets. The mixing of chocolate via a waterfall seems superfluously complicated but it creates an illusion of specialness around its manufacture. The capricious Wonka provokes the citizens into fighting each other for the opportunity to see inside his top secret factory. Undesirables are eliminated from his inner circle if they prove to be bozos. Accidents occur in his factory, but Wonka is unperturbed, as he seems to enjoy a diplomatic immunity from his indiscretions. If anyone were to complain, they would find that the complaints process so complicated that they wouldn’t bother with it. Wonka prefers to pass his factory on to a child so that he won't have to deal with an adult trying to do things their way. One can’t help but notice that magical glass elevator is reminiscent of Steve’s magical glass Apple Stores. 

Here’s Wonka-rism that Steve repeated almost word-for-word. In 1989 when he was showing off his NeXT factory to Popular Science Magazine he said:

Steve Jobs: "…and it's built completely untouched by human hands" [4]

Willy Wonka: “Uh, Little Boy, My chocolate must be untouched by human hands” [5]

Steve Wonka tried to amp-up the Chocolate Factory theme when he returned to Apple. Ad man, Ken Segall - always milking his brief work with Apple - wrote in his book that Steve tried to push the following goofy idea onto the bewildered Apple brass:

Steve's idea was to do a Willy Wonka with it. Just as Wonka did in the movie, Steve wanted to put a golden certificate representing the millionth iMac inside the box of one iMac, and publicize that fact. Whoever opened the lucky iMac box would be refunded the purchase price and be flown to Cupertino, where he or she (and, presumably, the accompanying family) would be taken on a tour of the Apple campus.

Steve had already instructed his internal creative group to design a prototype golden certificate, which he shared with us. But the killer was that Steve wanted to go all out on this. He wanted to meet the lucky winner in full Willy Wonka garb. Yes, complete with top hat and tails.[6]

The Wonka comparisons began in earnest after the first iPhone was released. In Dan Lyons’s Options – a fictional diary of Steve - Bono from U2 gives Fake Steve a piece of his mind:
Jaysus, Mary and Joseph, you’re like Willy fookin Wonka in his fookin chocolate factory, out there baking up your fookin iPods, and meanwhile the fookin planet is fookin meltin, ya fooktard. [7]

After the first iPad launch, Mike Daisey’s show, The Agony and Ecstasy Of Steve Jobs, was promoted as, “The epic story of a real-life Willy Wonka whose personal obsessions profoundly affect our everyday lives"

The founder of Tumblr, David Karp, says both Steve and Wonka are his personal interchangeable heroes:

It’s sort of the same as Steve—the idea that there is this magical factory, and you can’t begin to imagine what went into these things… [though] Apple is way scarier than Willy Wonka’s factory. [8]

It is rumoured that Steve played up to this growing parallel with Wonka. Steve was spotted wearing “a very funny hat — a big top hat kind of thing.” whilst dining with fifty NY Times executives in Manhattan.[9]

The comparison reached a critical mass around the time of iPad 2. The comedy website, CollegeHumor.com, published a viral video entitled Charlie and the Apple Factory. It was soon re-published across the blogosphere. The four-minute cartoon followed Steve as he endeavoured to show Charlie ”what makes Apple so special”, only to find out that “there’s nothing that makes Apple that special. We sell the same junk as everyone else. We just convince everyone that it comes from a magical place… Our junk may be the same, but we pride ourselves on showmanship”. Later the Ooompa Loompas chant, “Do you really need all this crap? You do if we say you do.”[10]

One Macrumours forum commentator asked the question, "Are Chinese like Umpa Lumpas?" [11]

There was indeed a real-life Charlie in the Apple Factory. Stephen Fry was invited by Steve to Cupertino to test drive the secret iPad before its official announcement. He wrote how Steve gave him a "personal demonstration" for an “hour alone" with the "latest piece of magical hardware ". The comedian couldn’t help but "confess to the childlike excitement" and it " tickled my vanity” at being the chosen one. Stephen held the golden marketing ticket because (a) he has the largest twitter following, and (b) he has a lifestyle predilection for needing to feel special and advertise his own expensive material wealth. The happy result is that any review of Apple product by Stephen will almost certainly be an act of worship beyond epic proportions. Steve’s instinct must have told him that this particular “Charlie” is probably a hopeless gossip who can’t help but spill to everyone about his special date with his man-crush. So, Apple made Stephen sign a bunch of NDAs before he saw the iPad. Stephen reminisced about his special day on his blog in a eulogy that ran almost as long as this one.[12]



[1] CNN (2011, October 6) Entertainment world mourns Steve Jobs. Retrieved from: http://edition.cnn.com/2011/10/05/showbiz/jobs-reax/index.html

[2] Cox, J. (2010, October 17) White iPhone Seen in The Wild. PC World.

[3] Berthon, D. (2008, September 26) Time for a T party: 100 years of Ford's famous Model T. The Age.

[5] Dahl, R. (2011) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. London:Puffin.

[6] Segall, K. (2012) Insanely Simple: The Obsession That Drives Apple's Success. London: Portfolio Hardcover.

[7] Lyons, D. (2008) Options: The Secret Life of Steve Jobs. Massachusetts: Da Capo Press.
[8] Schonfeld, E (2011, February 24) Tumblr's David Karp: My Heroes Are Steve Jobs And Willy Wonka [blog]. Tech Crunch. Retrieved from: http://techcrunch.com/2011/02/24/founder-stories-tumblr-karp-jobs-wonka/

[9] Maurer, D. (2010, April 2) Steve Jobs in Secret New York Meeting With Top Times Execs. New York Magazine

[10] CollegeHumor.com (2011,March 2) Charlie and the Apple Factory. Retrieved from: http://www.collegehumor.com/video/6440954/charlie-and-the-apple-factory

[12] Fry, S. (2011, October 6) Steve Jobs [blog]. Retrieved from:  http://www.stephenfry.com/2011/10/06/steve-jobs/

Steve Jobs: China’s Princess Di of Tech


While the Western media somberly waxed lyrical about the resignation of Steve, the Chinese reaction was to go crazy with grief as if someone had shot their puppy.
The China Daily reported:

Jobs' resignation ranked the top hot topic of the day on Sina Weibo, the country's most popular microblogging site, with 1.5 million posts on the topic by midday Thursday … On the question of "how do you think Jobs' resignation will affect Apple," …half of the survey respondents said the company would lose its soul… 20 percent said they would no longer buy Apple products. Li Yi, deputy director of China Mobile Internet Industry Alliance, said he believed that Apple could only reach its prime with Jobs in control.

From CNN’s surprisingly brilliant article, ‘China's Apple fans lament cult figure Jobs' resignation’:

Liu Jinhua says she almost choked when she heard the news that Steve Jobs has resigned. "I couldn't believe what I heard," says the private entrepreneur. "Then I chose to not to believe it." Liu is a confirmed Apple fan. At home and in her office, she and her husband own four iPhones, two iPads, three Mac laptops, two Mac desktop computers and two iPods. "For a long time I was absolutely speechless," Liu recalls…

Apple's CFO Peter Oppenheimer noted that "four stores in China were, on average, our highest traffic and our highest stores in the world."

China's wealthy consumers have embraced Apple products, analysts say, largely because of Jobs' charisma and business acumen.

Business analysts say Jobs is a cult figure among the iPad generation in China. Jeremy Goldkorn, an expert on Chinese digital media and founder of media and advertising website Danwei.org, said: "Bill Gates used to be the business leader that you'd most often hear young Chinese people talk about but that was mostly because he is very rich. Steve Jobs is not only very rich, but he's also responsible for the iPhone and iPad, which in a few short years have become highly desirable gadgets that project status."

Carrying the iPhones, iPods and iPads have become a conveniently portable way of projecting status. Apple products are a symbol of status for its Chinese fans. For many Apple owners, a Chinese analyst says, "Apple products indicate posh, wealthy, creative and well-educated."

Goldkorn thinks Apple's success in part lies in its products' expensive prices, which has given Apple the status of a luxury brand. "Just like large Gucci and Louis Vuitton logos on handbags, using an iPhone in public is an easy way to show you have money to burn."…

A typical [microblog] message said, "three apples have changed the world. One seduced Eva (sic), one awakened Newton, the third one is in the hands of Jobs." Another message posted by @ Jinzheng said "no matter what happens to the third Apple, the world became wonderful because of your (Jobs) existence." [1]

Wall Street Journal quoted a Chinese fanboy, ‘”Never has one company’s products been so deeply intertwined with my life,” former celebrity TV anchor-turned-Internet entrepreneur Wang Lifen’[2]  Steve’s most remarkable achievement in China was becoming their Gadget God without ever publicly addressing the Chinese people. In fact, it is difficult to find any record of him ever setting foot upon Chinese soil.

Chinese factory workers who have suffered permanent injuries from building Steve’s fancy gadgets – gadgets they will never afford - couldn’t give a frog’s fat ass about Steve stepping down. [3]

Of course, China fell into a downward spiral of mourning when Steve died. The glass doors of each Chinese Apple Store was clogged with flowers. The micro-blogger, Sina Weibo, was hit with double the traffic it received when he resigned. One user commented, "This is the first time a foreigner’s death has been hard for me to take.” [4]
On the other hand, the West grieved with a quiet dignity. President Obama took a break from making enemies left, right, and centre to talk about Steve - a kindred loner: “…brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it.” [5]

We learned after his death that Steve sparred with Barack during the famous Silicon Valley dinner with The Prez. Obama asked Steve "What would it take to make iPhones in the United States? Why can’t that work come home? Steve's flat reply was, “Those jobs aren’t coming back.” [6]

Steve never visited China. His successor, Tim, however, can’t get enough of Apple craziest fans and cheapest workers. Tim visited China around the release of the "iPad 4G”. Pundits were impressed. “I want to give credit to Tim Cook for this,” gushed Dara O’Rourke, associate professor of environmental and labour policy at the University of California. “He’s admitting they’ve got problems.” Tim likes to tell us that his working class childhood in Alabama helped him appreciate factory work. “I spent a lot of time in factories personally, and not just as an executive,” Tim told investors at an SF conference after he ascended to CEO. “I worked in a paper mill in Alabama and an aluminium plant in Virginia.” I can almost hear The Boss singing “Born In The USA” in the background as I read the NY Times article. Both the NY Times [7] and The Guardian[8]  have suddenly decided that brave detractor, Mike Daisey, is wrong by criticizing Apple’s Chinese factories. In the wake of Steve’s death, the turncoat news icons now claim that the sweat-shops aren’t so bad after all.Tim put pay to the cherubic malcontent after Apple became the first technology company to join the Fair Labour Association. Tim invited the nonprofit global monitoring group to inspect its much maligned factories. [9] Good luck, Tim. The Chinese have become very adept at circumventing “inspections”. There are many very helpful online-forums in China that give advice on how to dodge regulations so that the bottom-line is not threatened by pesky Western sentiments like “duty of care”. 

What happened to that Chinese boy who sold his kidney to buy Steve's iPad? Apple products are hugely popular in China but are priced beyond the reach of many Chinese. The teenager was from one of China's poorest provinces. He was solicited over the internet to sell his kidney. He now suffers from renal deficiency, but is the proud owner of a now out-dated iPad. Five organ-pimps were arrested.  One of them, a degenerate gambler, received about US$35,000 to arrange the transplant. He paid the boy US$3500 and split the rest with the surgeon, and other medical staff. [10] ZDnet were moved enough to comment about the poor boy: "He got a poor deal". [11]  It is no wonder that Tim sees China as Apple's most vital market.


[1] FlorCruz, J. (2011, August 26) China's Apple fans lament cult figure Jobs' resignation.Cnn.com. Retrieved from: http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/08/25/china.apple.jobs/

[2] Chin, J. (2011, August 25) A Place on the Ark? China Internet Users React to Steve Jobs’s Resignation. Wall Street Journal.

[3] Mclaughlin, K.E. (2011, August 30) China: Apple workers react to Steve Jobs’ resignation. Retrieved from: http://news.salon.com/2011/08/30/china_apple_workers_jobs/singleton/

[4] Osnos, E. (2011, October 6) China, Macau, and Steve Jobs [blog]. From Letter From China. New Yorker. Retrieved from: http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/evanosnos/2011/10/china-macau-and-steve-jobs.html

[5] Obama, B. (2011, October, 5) Statement by the President on the Passing of Steve Jobs. Retrieved from:  http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/05/statement-president-passing-steve-jobs

[6] Duhigg, C. & Bradsher, K. (2012, January 21) How the U.S. Lost Out on iPhone Work [blog]. From THE iECONOMY. The New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/business/apple-america-and-a-squeezed-middle-class.html?pagewanted=all

[7] Carr, D. (2012, March 18) Theater, Disguised as Real Journalism [blog]. From THE MEDIA EQUATION. The New York Times.

[8] Lawson, M. (2012, March 23) Was Mike Daisey wrong to make fiction from fact? The Guardian.

[9] Wingfield, N. (2011, April 1) Apple’s Chief Puts Stamp on Labor Issues. New York Times

[10] Reuters (2012 April 6) Chinese teenager sold kidney to buy iPhone. The Guardian.

[11] Stewart-Smith, H. (2012, April 8) Is any gadget worth a kidney? Five arrested in China over illegal organ transplant [blog]. From Unboxing Asia in ZDNet.com. Retrieved from: http://www.zdnet.com/blog/asia/is-any-gadget-worth-a-kidney-five-arrested-in-china-over-illegal-organ-transplant/1579

The Dent That Steve Jobs Left in The Universe


Bemused, I weave in and out of the crowd of punters at my local Chermside Apple Store. I am guilty of a wry delight in the sights and sounds of this wondrous marketing symphony that Steve built from nothing but an adolescent day-dream. I paused by an elderly man caressing the oleophobic surface of a screen as if it were his beloved pet Irish Setter. There were breathless rumours that a batch of iPad-2s may or may not arrive today, or maybe tomorrow, then again, it may be next week, and they may not be WiFi versions anyway. Every time someone left the store with an iMac under their arm, the staff-in-blue cheered and clapped and whipped the browsing faithful into an evangelical (yes that word again) frenzy. I knew that there was no chance of picking up an iPad from a bricks-and-mortar store for my girlfriend, but I thoroughly enjoyed watching Apple lead its flock in a dance wherein the music never stops. It seemed the online store was the only option. 

A pleasant trade-off for using Apple's bloodless online shopping experience is that you’re rewarded with a couple of lines of free laser-etched text on the back of your iPad.  As we couldn’t come up with anything clever ourselves, we decided a quote from Steve would grace Sabrina's iPad-2. As it happens, Steve's quotes are mostly too long-winded to fit the character limit. The only quotation short and snappy enough to fit was, "I want to put a dent in the universe – Steve Jobs". 

Six months later, surrounded by loved ones, Steve peacefully left our universe and left a big frickin' dent behind.  

His final words were, “Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow.” [1]

The news of Steve’s death was so shattering that this author’s estranged girlfriend broke a two year silence and texted the news to him.

Often when someone close to you dies, you begin shuffling through old photos of the departed. For several days after Steve’s death, there were so many people surfing the net for photos of him that his image was the number one search target according to Bill's search engine, Bing. The one photo that caught this author’s eye was in The Washington Post. It was an image one of his neighbours embracing her son outside Steve’s home. [2]

The tributes poured in from the most likely and unlikely places. Within hours of the passing of Bill’s old sparring partner, he twittered, “For those of us lucky enough to get to work with Steve, it’s been an insanely great honor. I will miss Steve immensely.” [3] Facebook-Mark, posted on his page within moments of the announcement: "Steve, thank you for being a mentor and a friend. Thanks for showing that what you build can change the world. I will miss you” (almost half a million people ‘liked’ this). The most poetic - but objective - tribute was scribed by prestigious freelance Journo, Tom Junod, in Esquire:

Over the next few weeks, we may well discover that Apple made a frantic push to bring the iPhone 4S into existence, so that its progenitor could breathe a sigh of relief before breathing his last, and that the Moses marooned on the mountaintop could taste fruit from the Promised Land. But there will never be an iPhone 5, in the sense that there will never be an iPhone 5 introduced by Steve Jobs. There will never be an iPhone introduced by a man who always used his introductions to teach us that there is no Promised Land – and no mountaintop. There was only a relentless and remorseless American faith that we wanted what Steve Jobs wanted, and that if Steve Jobs liked something, so would we.[4]  

 

Death can have a unique impact on the both the friends and the foes of the departed. Even those who had locked horns with the man were suddenly apologetic and crest-fallen at the loss of their favourite antagonist. Gizmodo's Brian Lam was at the epicentre of the lost iPhone prototype fiasco. He was the one who Steve called and demanded, "I want my phone back". Steve had personally barred any Gizmodo journo from visiting any Apple event. To the techosphere, this is like getting grounded by your parents for the rest of your life. On the day the big fella died, Brian, caught in a maudlin moment of grief, wrote a lengthy tome about his scuffles with Steve. He revisited an old email he sent to Steve:

From: brian lam <blam@thescuttlefish.com>
Subject: Hey Steve
Date: September 14, 2011 12:31:04 PM PDT
To: Steve Jobs <sjobs@apple.com

Steve, a few months have passed since all that iphone 4 stuff went down, and I just wanted to say that I wish things happened differently. I probably should have quit right after the first story was published for several different reasons. I didn't know how to say that without throwing my team under the bus, so I didn't. Now I've learned it's better to lose a job I don't believe in any more than to do it well and keep it just for that sake. 
I'm sorry for the problems I caused you. [5]

B 

There was no reply, and there never will be.

This author can plot the exact time when the news hit the world that Steve was no longer with us. At 5pm on the 5th of October (US time) this blog registered its sharpest spike in its short history. Where was Steve’s best friend at this time?

Larry Ellison was delivering his keynote at his Oracle Open World Conference. He had just introduced his own enterprise version of his friend’s iCloud. Larry didn’t seem as cocky and sure-footed as he did at last year’s event. Did he know something? Steve’s old friend, Sting, announced later that night that Steve had passed away – “My condolences for the loss in your community. There was a moment of silence. A blogger remembers, “It was eerie to only hear the slight wind along with a few plastic cups rolling in the background, and complete silence from the large crowd.” [6] Sting dedicated the ballad, Fields of Gold to Steve. How was Larry feeling while Sting sang this romantic and sentimental song? Regarding loss of his friend, Larry has kept quiet to this day. 






 

[1] Jones, S. (2011, October 31) Steve Jobs's last words: 'Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow'. The Guardian.

[2] Associated press. (2011, October, 6) Quote Box: Apple’s Steve Jobs remembered by friends, colleagues. Washington Post.
[4] Junod, T. (2011, October 6) Steve Jobs and the Losing Battle. From Esquire Magazine.

[5] Lam, Brian (2011, October 5) Steve Jobs Was Always Kind To Me (Or, Regrets of An Asshole). From The Wirecutter. Retrieved from: